观察行为(4/5) - 英语听力
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For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as they do with the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in the wild. So, by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objective observations than he would in only a specific situation. Having discussed ways to sample behaviour in research, we are now moving onto another issue, that is, what researchers should do to record behaviour as it occurs, that is, whether researchers are active or passive in recording behaviour. This refers to the methods of observation. Observational methods can be classified as "observation with intervention" or "observation without intervention". Observation with intervention can be made in at least two ways, participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation, observers, that is researchers, play a dual role: They observe people's behaviour and they participate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observed know that the observer is present to collect information about their behaviour, this is undisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those who are being observed do not know that they are being observed.
比如,孩子们对待父亲或母亲的态度并不总是一样的。在动物园里的动物和在野外的动物行为表现也不尽相同。因此,相比较于特定的情景，通过采取不同的情景,研究者可以进行更客观的观察。在讨论了如何在研究中进行行为抽样之后,我们现在转移到另一个问题,那就是,在行为发生的时候，研究人员应该做什么来记录行为,也就是说研究人员在记录行为过程中是主动还是被动的。这指的是观察的方法。观察方法可以分为“干预观察”和“不干预观察”。进行干预观察的方法至少有两种,即参与观察法和现场试验法。在参与观察法中,观察人员,即研究人员,扮演双重角色:他们既观察人们的行为,又积极主动地融入到他们正在观察的情境中。如果被观察的人知道观察者在收集关于他们行为的信息,这称为公开的参与观察。但在非公开参与观察中,那些被观察的人则不知道有人在观察他们。
比如,孩子们对待父亲或母亲的态度并不总是一样的。在动物园里的动物和在野外的动物行为表现也不尽相同。因此,相比较于特定的情景，通过采取不同的情景,研究者可以进行更客观的观察。在讨论了如何在研究中进行行为抽样之后,我们现在转移到另一个问题,那就是,在行为发生的时候，研究人员应该做什么来记录行为,也就是说研究人员在记录行为过程中是主动还是被动的。这指的是观察的方法。观察方法可以分为“干预观察”和“不干预观察”。进行干预观察的方法至少有两种,即参与观察法和现场试验法。在参与观察法中,观察人员,即研究人员,扮演双重角色:他们既观察人们的行为,又积极主动地融入到他们正在观察的情境中。如果被观察的人知道观察者在收集关于他们行为的信息,这称为公开的参与观察。但在非公开参与观察中,那些被观察的人则不知道有人在观察他们。
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